[
  {
    "ingredient": "All-Purpose Flour",
    "category": "Baking & Flours",
    "density_g_per_ml": 0.528,
    "grams_per_tsp": 2.60,
    "grams_per_tbsp": 7.81,
    "grams_per_cup": 125.0,
    "source": "King Arthur Baking Company & USDA FoodData Central",
    "notes": "Dip-and-sweep method. Sifted flour drops to ~2.3g/tsp."
  },
  {
    "ingredient": "Granulated White Sugar",
    "category": "Sweeteners",
    "density_g_per_ml": 0.849,
    "grams_per_tsp": 4.19,
    "grams_per_tbsp": 12.56,
    "grams_per_cup": 201.0,
    "source": "USDA FoodData Central (FDC ID 169655)",
    "notes": "Standard dry crystalline white sugar."
  },
  {
    "ingredient": "Brown Sugar (Packed)",
    "category": "Sweeteners",
    "density_g_per_ml": 0.830,
    "grams_per_tsp": 4.09,
    "grams_per_tbsp": 12.28,
    "grams_per_cup": 220.0,
    "source": "King Arthur Baking & Culinary Institute of America",
    "notes": "Firmly packed. Unpacked brown sugar is ~3.75g/tsp."
  },
  {
    "ingredient": "Powdered / Confectioners Sugar",
    "category": "Sweeteners",
    "density_g_per_ml": 0.560,
    "grams_per_tsp": 2.76,
    "grams_per_tbsp": 8.28,
    "grams_per_cup": 120.0,
    "source": "King Arthur Baking Company",
    "notes": "Finely ground with ~3% cornstarch."
  },
  {
    "ingredient": "Fine Table Salt",
    "category": "Seasoning & Salts",
    "density_g_per_ml": 1.217,
    "grams_per_tsp": 6.00,
    "grams_per_tbsp": 18.00,
    "grams_per_cup": 288.0,
    "source": "USDA FoodData Central (FDC ID 173468)",
    "notes": "Fine cubic grain table salt with anti-caking agent."
  },
  {
    "ingredient": "Kosher Salt (Morton)",
    "category": "Seasoning & Salts",
    "density_g_per_ml": 0.974,
    "grams_per_tsp": 4.80,
    "grams_per_tbsp": 14.40,
    "grams_per_cup": 230.0,
    "source": "Morton Salt Culinary Specifications",
    "notes": "Coarser flaked salt. Requires more spoon volume than table salt."
  },
  {
    "ingredient": "Kosher Salt (Diamond Crystal)",
    "category": "Seasoning & Salts",
    "density_g_per_ml": 0.568,
    "grams_per_tsp": 2.80,
    "grams_per_tbsp": 8.40,
    "grams_per_cup": 135.0,
    "source": "Diamond Crystal Salt Company",
    "notes": "Hollow pyramid crystal structure. Very light density."
  },
  {
    "ingredient": "Baking Powder",
    "category": "Baking & Leavening",
    "density_g_per_ml": 0.980,
    "grams_per_tsp": 4.83,
    "grams_per_tbsp": 14.49,
    "grams_per_cup": 232.0,
    "source": "USDA FoodData Central & King Arthur Baking",
    "notes": "Double-acting baking powder (sodium acid pyrophosphate)."
  },
  {
    "ingredient": "Baking Soda (Sodium Bicarbonate)",
    "category": "Baking & Leavening",
    "density_g_per_ml": 1.200,
    "grams_per_tsp": 5.91,
    "grams_per_tbsp": 17.74,
    "grams_per_cup": 284.0,
    "source": "USDA FoodData Central & Chemical Handbooks",
    "notes": "Pure sodium bicarbonate fine mineral powder."
  },
  {
    "ingredient": "Active Dry Yeast",
    "category": "Baking & Leavening",
    "density_g_per_ml": 0.640,
    "grams_per_tsp": 3.15,
    "grams_per_tbsp": 9.46,
    "grams_per_cup": 151.0,
    "source": "Fleischmann's / Red Star Yeast Standards",
    "notes": "Standard 7g packet = 2.22 teaspoons."
  },
  {
    "ingredient": "Butter (Melted / Softened)",
    "category": "Fats & Dairy",
    "density_g_per_ml": 0.959,
    "grams_per_tsp": 4.73,
    "grams_per_tbsp": 14.19,
    "grams_per_cup": 227.0,
    "source": "USDA FoodData Central (FDC ID 173410)",
    "notes": "1 US stick butter = 113.4g = 8 tbsp = 24 tsp."
  },
  {
    "ingredient": "Pure Honey",
    "category": "Sweeteners",
    "density_g_per_ml": 1.420,
    "grams_per_tsp": 7.00,
    "grams_per_tbsp": 21.00,
    "grams_per_cup": 336.0,
    "source": "National Honey Board & USDA",
    "notes": "Viscous liquid sweetener at 20°C (68°F)."
  },
  {
    "ingredient": "Cocoa Powder (Unsweetened)",
    "category": "Baking & Flours",
    "density_g_per_ml": 0.420,
    "grams_per_tsp": 2.07,
    "grams_per_tbsp": 6.21,
    "grams_per_cup": 100.0,
    "source": "Hershey's & King Arthur Baking",
    "notes": "Natural Dutch or American cocoa powder."
  },
  {
    "ingredient": "Vanilla Extract",
    "category": "Liquids & Flavoring",
    "density_g_per_ml": 0.879,
    "grams_per_tsp": 4.33,
    "grams_per_tbsp": 13.00,
    "grams_per_cup": 208.0,
    "source": "USDA FoodData Central",
    "notes": "Standard 35% alcohol vanilla extract."
  },
  {
    "ingredient": "Water / Pure Liquid",
    "category": "Liquids",
    "density_g_per_ml": 1.000,
    "grams_per_tsp": 4.93,
    "grams_per_tbsp": 14.79,
    "grams_per_cup": 236.6,
    "source": "Physical Constant (1.000 g/mL at 4°C)",
    "notes": "Standard baseline reference for volume-to-mass."
  },
  {
    "ingredient": "Olive Oil / Vegetable Oil",
    "category": "Fats & Oils",
    "density_g_per_ml": 0.918,
    "grams_per_tsp": 4.52,
    "grams_per_tbsp": 13.57,
    "grams_per_cup": 217.0,
    "source": "International Olive Council & USDA",
    "notes": "Liquid vegetable culinary oil."
  },
  {
    "ingredient": "Whole Milk",
    "category": "Fats & Dairy",
    "density_g_per_ml": 1.030,
    "grams_per_tsp": 5.08,
    "grams_per_tbsp": 15.23,
    "grams_per_cup": 244.0,
    "source": "USDA FoodData Central",
    "notes": "Standard 3.25% milk fat cow milk."
  },
  {
    "ingredient": "Ground Cinnamon",
    "category": "Seasoning & Spices",
    "density_g_per_ml": 0.540,
    "grams_per_tsp": 2.66,
    "grams_per_tbsp": 7.98,
    "grams_per_cup": 128.0,
    "source": "McCormick Culinary & USDA",
    "notes": "Fine dried ground cinnamon bark powder."
  }
]